Because of the brain dead design of the intel x86 processor, a zImage suffers from the 640k (16 bit memory access) limitation, just like MS-DOG. The bzImage avoids this by expanding and loading in stages. It loads a pre image in real mode and then loads the rest of the kernel image in protected mode, which has access to all of the memory.
There have been some problems with bzImages on certain machines, mostly laptops. Some computers *might* see a little more time to load the kernel, but we're talking fractions of a second here.
You might be interested to know that kdm has a nice shutdown button. :)
# netdate cuckoo.nevada.eduIt sets your clock (must be superuser to set the date) and returns the number of seconds your clock was off by. Another way to set your clock is to use ntpdate; it's supposed to be better:
cuckoo.nevada.edu -82.705
# ntpdate ntp.ucdavis.eduAnother way is to use rdate with the -s switch (which stands for `set time'). Note that rdate will give you precision to within one second. If you want more precision, use ntp or xntp (extended network time protocol).
23 Jun 03:55:20 ntpdate[788]: adjust time server 169.237.105.50 offset 0.006278 sec
# rdate -s ntp.ucdavis.edu Wed Jun 23 03:58:14 PDT 1999Yet another way is to run xntpd. Lastly, there's the timed daemon. How's that for a choice? For general purpose, these programs are all equivalent. What makes one `better' than another is the precision of time and features. But if you're not going to cry over a milisecond here or there, and if you don't plan on doing really complicated time synchronizations, then you can use any one of these.
The old rule of thumb is that your swap space should be double your RAM, up to the 128MB limit. These days, computers have tremendous amounts of RAM, so swap space is not nearly as crucial as it used to be. I've seen home systems run just fine with NO swap space! OTOH, hard drive space is really cheap these days. I'd say a good rule of thumb is that you should make your swap space 128MB. Unless you plan on really stressing out your computer, you'll never use it, but it's there if you ever need it.
Did you know that you can adjust the swap partitions while your computer is running? As root, run mkswap to prepare a partion for swapping, swapoff to stop using a swap partition, and swapon to start using one. (Be careful to give mkswap the right partition as its argument, since it does erase whatever is on the partition). When you are happy with your partition setup, edit /etc/fstab accordingly.
The character string that begins the alternative character set is Ctrl-N, `Start alternative character set for block graffic characters' (abbrev. "as").
To test this, try typing these:
For more information on other command strings you can use, look at the terminal capabilities file in
/etc/termcap, and read "man termcap" to see what each capability corresponds to.
For example, here's how I found out what Ctrl-O does. I looked up xterm's termcap entry in /etc/termcap,
which looks like:
I didn't realized Ctrl-O corresponded to putting the terminal back to the text mode (thanks, Zach!). Normally I
just "Do Soft Reset" by Ctrl-MiddleMouseButton on XTerm. I rarely ever use the console, though...it'll come in
handy if the console ever goes into graphics mode. (thanks Mark Kim).
$ echo '
Of course, you won't actually see yourself type "echo '
(see odd characters come up)
$ echo '
(see odd characters go away)
xterm|vs100|xterm terminal emulator (X11R6 Window System):\
I noticed "^O", which corresponds to the "ae" capability. Then I looked up what "ae" is in "man termcap",
which says:
...
:LE=\E[%dD:RI=\E[%dC:UP=\E[%dA:ae=^O:al=\E[L:as=^N:\
...
:us=\E[4m:
ae End alternative character set
So I realized that's the string to disable alternative character set. I wanted to see if it really works, so I
also looked up what corresponds to "begin alternative character set"; I searched for other occurrences of the
word "character set" in man. I found:
as Start alternative character set for block grafic characters
Then I looked up "as" in /etc/termcap, in xterm session. It corresponded to ^N (see above).
So I tried typing "echo '
Check out ext2resize on freshmeat
.
$ tar cvf /dev/fd0 -M *
When you're ready to unarchive the spanned disks:
SC-97-16.ps
cg.ps
Prepare volume #2 for /dev/fd0 and hit return:
$ tar xvf /dev/fd0 -M
SC-97-16.ps
cg.ps
Prepare volume #2 for /dev/fd0 and hit return:
You'll want to add the following to your /etc/rc.d/rc.local (or whatever your local boot script it)
TTY=/dev/tty[1-8]
for tty in $TTY; do
setleds -D +num < $tty
done
alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp
alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate
alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate
On Debian, if in /etc/modutils/aliases you have:
alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp
but you don't have the bsd_comp or ppp-deflate modules in /lib/modules/
alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate
alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate
set vb (Use visual bell)
set t_vb= (Set visual bell code to nothing)
Please report bugs or broken links to me.